C-103, composed of Niobium, Hafnium and Titanium, has very high strength with high temperature and load-bearing characteristics, yet it is easy to work with when compared to other niobium materials. Niobium has the lowest density of the refractory metals and exhibits excellent thermal conductivity, high room-temperature ductility, low ductile-to-brittle transition temperature and good weldability.
Key Feature
High temperature resistance
Excellent corrosion resistance
Excellent creep resistance
Application
Aerospace rocket nozzle
Supersonic engine parts
Nuclear fusion, reactor
Chemical Composition
UNS R04295
Nb
Hf
Ti
C
O
N
H
Zr
T
Ta
Weight Percent(wt%)
Bal.
9.0-11.0
0.7-1.3
Max 0.015
Max 0.025
Max 0.01
Max 0.0015
Max 0.7
Max 0.5
Max 0.5
Mechanical Properties
Process
Tensile Strength (MPa)
Yield Strength (MPa)
Elongation (%)
Reduction of Area (%)
Hardness (HRC)
ASTM B654
385
275
20
-
-
InssTek (DED)XY/Z
518
343
29
-
-
Powder
SEM (x100)
SEM (x200)
Powder Spec. [Spherical for AM]
Powder Size (㎛)
Flowability [ASTM B213 / B212]
Avg
74.52
Apparent Density (g/㎤)
4.97
Min
43.04
Flow Time for Mass (s/50g)
15.10
Max
130.20
Flow Rate for Volume (s/㎤)
1.50
Melting Point
Celsius (℃)
Fahrenheit (°F)
2,350 - 2,468
4,260 - 4,474
Published research paper using InssTek’s technology
I Paper Review
Journal of Materials Research and Technology (2025)
Crack mitigation at interface between Inconel 718 and Stainless steel 316L during directed energy deposition under N2 atmosphere
Chung, S. G., Lee, S. H., Eo, D., Cakmak, O., Kim, E. S., Ahn, S. Y., ..., & Cho, J. W.*
In this study, the interface stability of as-built IN718 material on a SS316L substrate was investigated in relation to the shielding gas composition (Ar vs N2) with InssTek’s MX-Lab.
Experiment
The AM process was conducted using either Ar or N2 as the inert shield gas.
A specimen block was built using DED machine (MX-Lab) with a gas chamber. And the interface was analyzed by thermodynamic analysis and mechanical tests on the fabricated FGM specimens.
Conclusions
Under a nitrogen atmosphere, cracking was significantly reduced by inhibiting the evolution of the Laves phase, owing to the beneficial effects of nitride formation. It is expected that Inconel 718 - 316L joint or FGM can be usefully applied in thermal-hydraulic atmospheres such as sub-sea, aerospace, aeronautical, and nuclear industries where both corrosion and temperature resistance are required.
* Reference - Journal of Materials Research and Technology (2025), Crack mitigation at interface between Inconel 718 and stainless steel 316L during directed energy deposition under N2 atmosphere
Metal 3D Printing | DED | Alloy Research | Aerospace | Repair | Cladding | Medical 154, Sinseong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
